All simple methods of the measurement of Poverty, such as ratio of the poor in total population and income gap are in fact unable to reflect inter-transformation society, with respect to change in money making groups, income transformation, gathering of the social groups, symmetry, asymmetry (dependency of the index to the other specification of the individuals in the society), monotonicity, social welfare, social justice etc. Therefore, these indices are weak and deficient to show dynamism of the Poverty.the more complicated indices that started to introduce from Sen work, reflect The income distribution circumstance and income ranking and some of them are admitted to Gini coefficient. Nearly fifteen such principal indices that apply income distribution content and income transformation, Poverty line and distribution among the poor are recognized. Some of these indices deal with social welfare, which is not a calculable issue. However the total number of secondary and/or related indices are amounted to more than seventy. Selecting a proper index for every society relies on data access, the structure and distribution of the population and the income of the society under consideration, the goals of planning as well as policy making and finally choosing the researcher. In this article I have analyzed the ability and power of the main indices, with special regard to Iran situation. To accomplish this fact, I have introduced a nine-item principles that are necessary in index, Then I introduced analyzed the sen, Kakwani Takayama and some other indices. Finally, bringing Iran Poverty and income distribution condition into consideration, I have represented a propose index as the geometric mean of the third Kakwani's and the first sen indices. Using Some appraises and non-parametric estimate as well as official data for Iran, I have calculated the Poverty index of the country. This index is considered as a high index with respect to percupita income of the country.

The measurement of multidimensional Poverty in 22 districts of Tehran is the main goal of this research. Studying human deprivation regarding basic needs i.e. health, nutrition, education and political freedom seems essential due to existing shortcomings of income-based Poverty measurement approach. Here, we measure multidimensional Poverty in terms of four attributes (income, housing, education and public health) using information theory approach developed by Maasoumi and Logo (2006) model. First, we calculate single-dimensional Poverty based on each attribute. Then, according to difference in levels of substitutability among attributes we measure the absolute Poverty using aggregate Poverty line approach. The results show that the poorest districts of Tehran are district 19 in terms of income approach and districts 19 and 17 in terms of education and housing, respectively. The worst situation regarding public health belongs to district 16. The highest and the lowest multidimensional Poverty rate were observed in districts 4 and 1 respectively. Furthermore, if substitution coefficient among attributes increases, then the multidimensional Poverty rate will decrease. About 63 percent of Tehran population is of relative deprivation.

Objectives: Perhaps one of the most troublesome dilemmas in economics is why some people remain very poor for long periods of time, and why Poverty persists across generations. Poverty alleviations and satisfying minimum requirements of a decent living standard have come to the focus of the governments, international agencies, as well as nongovernmental organizations. Different administrations in Iran, inspired by the Islamic teachings on Poverty eradication, implemented numerous measures to combat Poverty.In this regard, in addition to the direct measures taken to combat Poverty, various policies implemented within different Five-Year Development Plans. In spite of all the efforts made to alleviate Poverty, however, it seems that the goals have not been achieved and still Poverty is a source of concern among the policy makers.In order to re-launch fresh policies to combat Poverty, we have to have a comprehensive account of the results of the implemented policies. In this paper we provide an assessment of Poverty changes that shows how incidence and intensity of Poverty have been developed following more than two decades of Poverty alleviation policy.Method: This article examines the changes in the incidence and intensity of Poverty in Iran between 1989 and 2004 based on Household Income and Expenditure Surveys. To this end, using minimum basic needs approach; absolute Poverty lines for urban and rural areas have been estimated. The cost of minimum food requirements based on 2000 kcal. per day per adult is estimated. Accordingly, by application of Orshansky method the cost of minimum non-food requirements has been calculated. Then using Foster et al. (1984) indices, different Poverty measures have been estimated.Findings: The findings indicate that in the most part of the time period of the study the rural Poverty, in terms of incidence and intensity has been higher and more severe than the respected figures for the urban Poverty. Moreover, the results show that the general trends of Poverty in both rural and urban areas have been declining during the same time period.

The aim of this paper is investigation an analysis Poverty line measurement and determination in Yazd province and presents Poverty-eradication policies. The descriptive analytic methodology is used. According to this study, the proportion of the 10 percent of the richest to the 10 percent of the poorest in urban and rural areas is 11.04 and 18.16 respectively. These proportions are 15.5 and 13.4 respectively for the whole country. Statistics show that distribution of income in urban and rural societies of Yazd province is better in comparison with of whole country. About 37 percent in urban society and 24.6 percent in rural society of Yazd province live under Poverty line. Results of Tiasen and Kakavani models also indicate that if above Poverty line in urban and rural areas give 5.6 and 1.9 percent of their expenses to under Poverty line of urban and rural areas respectively, all living under Poverty line will close to Poverty line. In addition to above mentioned solution, using negative income tax policies, developing production properties of groups, transformation in income distribution and improvement of job opportunities can reduce Poverty and inequality. Otherwise, not only pover and unequality doesn't decrease but also it became deeper and greater.

The aim of this study is to measure the multidimensional Poverty index (MPI) in Iranian nomads by using Alkire and Foster method. In this method, the incidence and intensity of Poverty is calculated by within and cross dimensional cutoffs. According to the MPI of UNDP, the dimensions of Poverty index are education, health and standard of living. Furthermore, the required data consist of the results of the socioeconomic census of nomads in 2008. The results show that, 42% of the tribes are living in Poverty condition, deprived at least in 30% of the indicators and intensity of their Poverty is 46%. On the other hand, the deprivations of tribes in the dimensions and indicators are heterogeneous. Moreover, improvement on education and health indicators especially in nomad’s girls and women has the greatest impact on Poverty reduction, which has also been emphasized in the Millennium Development Goals.